This calculator computes the frequency of phenotypes based on the genetic makeup of a population. It uses the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a principle that assumes no evolutionary influences affect the population. This provides a static snapshot of phenotype distribution across generations.
Formula of Phenotype Frequency G5 Calculator
To use the Phenotype Frequency G5 Calculator, understanding the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is essential:
- Allele Frequency Calculation:
- Let p be the frequency of the dominant allele (A).
- Let q be the frequency of the recessive allele (a).
- The total frequency is 1: p + q = 1.
- Phenotype Frequency Calculation:
- Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype (AA): p^2.
- Frequency of heterozygous genotype (Aa): 2pq.
- Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (aa): q^2.
- Phenotype Frequency for Generation G5:
- Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the phenotype frequencies for generation G5 are the same as the initial generation:
- Frequency of dominant phenotype (A): p^2 + 2pq.
- Frequency of recessive phenotype (a): q^2.
- Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the phenotype frequencies for generation G5 are the same as the initial generation:
Table of Genetic Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele Frequency | The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population. This is a basic concept in genetics that helps predict how common a particular gene expression is in a population. |
| Dominant Allele (A) | An allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele. This means that if an individual inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele, the dominant trait will be expressed. |
| Recessive Allele (a) | An allele that expresses its phenotype only when two copies are present (homozygous recessive). In other words, the trait associated with a recessive allele will only appear if the individual does not have a dominant allele for that trait. |
| Homozygous Dominant (AA) | A genotype consisting of two dominant alleles. Individuals with this genotype will express the dominant phenotype. |
| Heterozygous (Aa) | A genotype consisting of one dominant and one recessive allele. Individuals with this genotype will express the dominant phenotype due to the presence of the dominant allele. |
| Homozygous Recessive (aa) | A genotype consisting of two recessive alleles. Individuals with this genotype will express the recessive phenotype, as there are no dominant alleles to mask the recessive trait. |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | A principle stating that the allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. This equilibrium assumes no mutation, migration, selection, or genetic drift affects the population. |
Example of Phenotype Frequency G5 Calculator
Consider a population where the frequency of allele A (dominant) is 0.7 and allele a (recessive) is 0.3:
- Dominant phenotype (A): 0.7^2 + 2(0.7)(0.3) = 0.49 + 0.42 = 0.91.
- Recessive phenotype (a): 0.3^2 = 0.09.
Most Common FAQs
It assumes the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, meaning no genetic drift, mutation, selection, or migration affects the population.
If the population remains in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the phenotype frequencies will remain constant across generations.