大坝尺寸计算器

A 大坝尺寸计算器 helps engineers, hydrologists, and planners estimate the appropriate dimensions for constructing a dam. It determines the reservoir volume, 结构 dimensions of the dam wall, and the amount of material required for construction.

Dams play a crucial role in water storage, hydroelectric 功率 generation, flood control, and irrigation. By using a dam size calculator, decision-makers can plan efficient and sustainable water management systems while ensuring the dam meets safety and structural requirements.

This tool simplifies calculations for various dam types, including gravity dams, earthfill dams, and rockfill dams.

Formula for Dam Size Calculation

- size of a dam is determined using the following calculations:

1. Reservoir Volume (Total Storage Capacity)

Reservoir Volume (cubic meters) = Surface Area × Average Depth

地点：

• Surface Area (square meters) = Length × Width of the reservoir
• Average Depth (meters) = (Maximum Depth + Minimum Depth) / 2
• If the reservoir has an irregular shape, GIS data or detailed surveys are used to estimate the surface area.

2. Dam Wall Size (Structural Dimensions)

• Dam Height (meters) = Maximum Water Level – River Bed Level
• Crest Length (meters) = Horizontal distance across the top of the dam

Base Width (meters) varies depending on the dam type:

对于 Gravity Dams: Base Width = (0.7 × Height) to (0.8 × Height)

对于 Earthfill Dams: Base Width = (2 × Height) to (3 × Height)

3. Dam Volume (Material Required for Construction)

Dam Volume (cubic meters) = (Base Area × Height) + (1/2 × (Top Width – Bottom Width) × Height × Length)

地点：

• Base Area (square meters) = Bottom Width × Length
• Top Width (meters) = Crest width of the dam
• Bottom Width (meters) = Width at the base
• 高度（米） = Maximum dam height
• 长度（米） = Crest length across the valley

This formula ensures that all critical aspects of dam construction are factored into the calculations.

Dam Size Estimation Table

The following table provides estimated dam sizes based on common configurations.

Dam Type	身高（米）	基座宽度 (m)	Crest Length (m)	Reservoir Volume (m³)
Gravity Dam	30	21	200	1,500,000
Earthfill Dam	40	120	300	4,000,000
Gravity Dam	50	37.5	400	8,000,000
Earthfill Dam	60	180	500	12,000,000
Rockfill Dam	80	240	700	20,000,000

This table serves as a reference for dam planners and engineers.

示例计算

A proposed dam has the following dimensions:

• Reservoir Length = 500米
• Reservoir Width = 300米
• 最大深度 = 40米
• 最小深度 = 10米

Step 1: Calculate the Reservoir Volume Surface Area = Length × Width
Surface Area = 500 × 300
Surface Area = 150,000 square meters

Average Depth = (Maximum Depth + Minimum Depth) / 2
Average Depth = (40 + 10) / 2 = 25 meters

Reservoir Volume = Surface Area × Average Depth
Reservoir Volume = 150,000 × 25 = 3,750,000立方米

Step 2: Calculate the Dam Wall Size If it is a gravity dam with a 高度40米, the base width is estimated using the formula:

Base Width = 0.75 × Height
Base Width = 0.75 × 40 = 30米

If it is an earthfill dam, the base width would be:

Base Width = 2.5 × Height
Base Width = 2.5 × 40 = 100米

Step 3: Calculate the Dam Volume Using the material volume formula:

Dam Volume = (Base Area × Height) + (1/2 × (Top Width – Bottom Width) × Height × Length)

假设：

• 底宽 = 100米
• 顶宽 = 10米
• 长度 = 300米

Dam Volume = (100 × 300 × 40) + (1/2 × (10 – 100) × 40 × 300)
= (1,200,000) + (1/2 × -90 × 40 × 300)
= 1,200,000 – 540,000 = 660,000立方米

This means the total dam material needed is 660,000立方米.

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