The calculator provides a straightforward method for predicting the products resulting from the alpha and beta decay of isotopes. By inputting the isotope’s atomic number and mass number, users can quickly determine the new elements formed, aiding in academic studies and research projects.
Formula of Alpha And Beta Decay Calculator
Alpha Decay:
- Definition: Emission of an alpha particle, which is a nucleus of helium consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
- Atomic Changes:
- Atomic number decreases by 2.
- Mass number decreases by 4.
Beta Decay:
- Types:
- Beta-minus Decay: Conversion of a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is emitted.
- Atomic number increases by 1.
- Mass number remains unchanged.
- Beta-plus Decay: Conversion of a proton into a neutron and a positron, which is emitted.
- Atomic number decreases by 1.
- Mass number remains unchanged.
- Beta-minus Decay: Conversion of a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is emitted.
Using these foundational rules, the calculator assists in determining the daughter nucleus after decay.
Useful Table for Common Isotopes
| Original Isotope | Type of Decay | Resulting Isotope | Atomic Number Change | Mass Number Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium-238 | Alpha Decay | Thorium-234 | -2 | -4 |
| Thorium-234 | Beta Minus | Protactinium-234 | +1 | 0 |
| Potassium-40 | Beta Plus | Argon-40 | -1 | 0 |
| Carbon-14 | Beta Minus | Nitrogen-14 | +1 | 0 |
| Radon-222 | Alpha Decay | Polonium-218 | -2 | -4 |
| Polonium-210 | Alpha Decay | Lead-206 | -2 | -4 |
Example of Alpha And Beta Decay Calculator
Let’s calculate the decay product of Uranium-238 using alpha decay:
- Original Isotope: Uranium-238
- Decay Mode: Alpha Decay
- Resulting Isotope: Thorium-234 (atomic number 90, mass number 234)
Most Common FAQs
Alpha decay involves the emission of helium nuclei, reducing both atomic and mass numbers. Beta decay involves electrons or positrons, affecting the atomic number but not the mass number.
It simplifies the calculation of decay products, enhancing accuracy in research and education.
While the study of radioactive materials must be handled with care, theoretical calculations like those performed with the decay calculator are completely safe.