The HWE Calculator is a powerful tool that helps researchers and geneticists analyze and predict allele frequencies within a population. It is based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a fundamental principle in population genetics. This equilibrium describes the expected distribution of genetic variations in an idealized, non-evolving population. By inputting the frequencies of different genotypes (AA, Aa, aa), the calculator provides valuable insights into genetic diversity.
Formula of HWE Calculator
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is represented by the following formula:
p2+2pq+q2=1
Where:
- p2 represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA).
- 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa).
- q2 represents the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa).
The sum of these three terms is always equal to 1, representing the entire population.
General Terms and Conversions Table
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele Frequency | The proportion of a specific allele in a population |
| Heterozygous | Individuals with two different alleles at a specific gene locus |
| Homozygous Dominant | Individuals with two identical dominant alleles at a specific gene locus |
| Homozygous Recessive | Individuals with two identical recessive alleles at a specific gene locus |
| Genetic Variation | Differences in genetic material within a population |
| Population Genetics | The study of genetic variation within populations and how it changes over time |
Example of HWE Calculator
Suppose we have a population of 1000 individuals, and the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA) is 0.36, the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa) is 0.48, and the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa) is 0.16. Applying the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium formula:
p2+2pq+q2=1
0.36+2(0.36)(0.48)+0.16=10.36+2(0.36)(0.48)+0.16=1
The results would be:
p2 (AA): 0.36
2pq (Aa): 0.48
q2 (aa): 0.16
Most Common FAQs
A: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a baseline expectation for allele frequencies in a population. Deviations from this equilibrium may indicate factors influencing genetic variation, such as natural selection, migration, or genetic drift.
A: The results represent the expected frequencies of different genotypes in the population. These values serve as a reference point for understanding genetic diversity and can be compared to observed frequencies for further analysis.